NAME

fit1d -- fit a function to image lines

USAGE

fit1d input output type

PARAMETERS

input

Images to be fit. The images may contain image sections. Only the region covered by the section will be modified in the output image.

output

Output images to be created or modified. The number of output images must match the number of input images. If an output image does not exist it is first created and initialized to zero for fit types "fit" and "difference" and to one for fit type "ratio".

type

Type of output. The choices are:

fit

An image created from the function fits to the image lines.

difference

The difference between the image and the fit (i.e. residuals).

ratio

The ratio of the image and fit.

axis = 1

Axis along which the one dimensional fitting is done. Axis 1 corresponds to fitting the image lines and axis 2 corresponds to fitting the columns.

interactive = yes

If interactive is set to yes, a plot of the fit is drawn and the cursor is available for interactively examining and adjusting the fit.

sample = "*"

Lines or columns to be used in the fits.

naverage = 1

Number of sample points to combined to create a fitting point. A positive value specifies an average and a negative value specifies a median.

function = spline3

Function to be fit to the image lines or columns. The functions are "legendre" (legendre polynomial), "chebyshev" (chebyshev polynomial), "spline1" (linear spline), and "spline3" (cubic spline). The functions may be abbreviated.

order = 1

The order of the polynomials or the number of spline pieces.

low_reject = 0., high_reject = 0.

Rejection limits below and above the fit in units of the residual sigma.

niterate = 1

Number of rejection iterations.

grow = 0.

When a pixel is rejected, pixels within this distance of the rejected pixel are also rejected.

graphics = "stdgraph"

Graphics output device for interactive graphics.

cursor = "stdgcur"

Graphics cursor input.

DESCRIPTION

A one dimensional function is fit to each line or column of the input images. The function may be a legendre polynomial, chebyshev polynomial, linear spline, or cubic spline of a given order or number of spline pieces. The output image is of pixel type real and is formed from the fitted function values, the difference or residuals of the fit (pixel value - fitted value), or the ratio between the pixel values and the fitted values.

The output image may exist in which case a section in the input image is applied to the output image. Thus, a section on the input image causes only that part of the output image to be changed. If the output image does not exist it is first created with a size given by the full (without a section) input image and initialized to zero for fit and difference output types and one for ratio output types.

The points fit are determined by selecting a sample of lines or columns specified by the parameter sample and taking either the average or median of the number of points specified by the parameter naverage . The type of averaging is selected by the sign of the parameter and the number of points is selected by the absolute value of the parameter. The sample points are specified relative to any image sections.

If low_reject and/or high_reject are greater than zero the sigma of the residuals between the fitted points and the fitted function is computed and those points whose residuals are less than -low_reject * sigma and greater than high_reject * sigma are excluded from the fit. Points within a distance of grow pixels of a rejected pixel are also excluded from the fit. The function is then refit without the rejected points. This rejection procedure may be iterated a number of times given by the parameter niterate .

The fitting parameters (sample, naverage, function, order, low_reject, high_reject, niterate, grow ) may be adjusted interactively if the parameter interactive is yes. Lines or columns from the image are selected to be fit with the icfit package. A single column or line may be chosed or a blank-separated range may be averaged. Note that the averaging applies only to the graphed data used to set the fitting parameters. The actual image lines and columns are fit individually. The interactive cursor mode commands for this package are described in a separate help entry under "icfit". Line 1 is automatically selected for one dimensional images and any number of lines or columns may be selected for two dimensional images. Note that the lines or columns are relative to the input image section; for example line 1 is the first line of the image section and not the first line of the image. When an end-of-file or no line(s) or column(s) are given then the last selected fitting parameters are used on each line or column of the image. This step is repeated for each image in the input list.

EXAMPLES

1. To create a smoothed version of an image by fitting the image lines:

cl> fit1d image fitimage fit

If the interactive flag is set and the image is two dimensional then a prompt for an image line is printed:

image: Fit line = 100 200

The selected lines are averaged, graphed, and the interactive options for setting and fitting the line are used. Exiting with q or return prompts for another line if the image is two dimensional. When the fitting parameters are suitably set then respond with end-of-file or return to fit all the lines of the image and create the output image.

2. To subtract a linear function fit to columns 10 to 20 and 80 to 100 from columns 10 to 100 and to subtract another linear function fit to lines 110 to 120 and 180 to 200 from columns 110 to 200:

    cl> fit1d image1[10:100,*] output diff axis=2 sample="1:11,71:91"
    cl> fit1d image1[110:200,*] output diff axis=2 sample="1:11,71:91"

Pixels outside columns 10 to 100 and 110 to 200 are not affected. Note that the sample points are specified relative to the image sections. The script background is available in other packages for doing background subtractions.

3. To determine a small scale response image:

cl> fit1d image1 flat ratio

The task imred.generic.flat1d is available for making flat field images by this method with the addition of an extra parameter to limit the data values for which the ratio is computed.

SEE ALSO

imred.generic.background, imred.generic.flat1d xtools.icfit, lineclean, imsurfit